Egypt is an arid country that relies almost entirely on the Nile River (97% of its freshwater). Yet demand (over 90 billion m³) far exceeds supply (55 billion m³/year). This chronic water scarcity (570 m³/person in 2018 vs. the 1,000 m³ “scarcity” threshold) makes every drop vital for people, farms, and industries across Egyptian governorates […]










